So I took Ken's suggestion and looked up orthopedic on etymonline.com. It looks as though orthopedics started as the correction of bones in children. Maybe for things like scoliosis.

orthopedic
1840, from Fr. orthopédique, coined by Fr. physician Nicholas Andry (1658-1742), from Gk. orthos "straight, correct" + paideia "rearing of children," from pais (gen. paidos) "child.".